汽車(che)(che)(che)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統主要(yao)由(you)供(gong)能裝(zhuang)置、控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)裝(zhuang)置、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)裝(zhuang)置和(he)(he)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器等部分(fen)組成，常見的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器主要(yao)有鼓式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器和(he)(he)盤(pan)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)器。作為制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統，作用當然就是讓(rang)行駛中(zhong)的(de)汽車(che)(che)(che)按我(wo)們的(de)意(yi)愿進(jin)行減速(su)甚(shen)至停車(che)(che)(che)。

工作原理就是將汽車的(de)動能通過摩(mo)擦轉換成熱能。

鼓(gu)式制動(dong)(dong)器：鼓(gu)式制動(dong)(dong)器主(zhu)要包(bao)括制動(dong)(dong)輪(lun)缸、制動(dong)(dong)蹄、制動(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)、摩擦(ca)片、回位(wei)彈簧(huang)等部分。主(zhu)要是(shi)通(tong)過(guo)液壓(ya)裝(zhuang)置是(shi)摩擦(ca)片與歲車(che)輪(lun)轉動(dong)(dong)的制動(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)內側(ce)面發生摩擦(ca)，從而起到(dao)制動(dong)(dong)的效(xiao)果。

在踩下剎(cha)車(che)踏板時，推動(dong)(dong)剎(cha)車(che)總泵的(de)活塞(sai)運動(dong)(dong)，進而(er)在油路(lu)中產生(sheng)壓(ya)力，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)液(ye)將壓(ya)力傳遞到車(che)輪(lun)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)分泵推動(dong)(dong)活塞(sai)，活塞(sai)推動(dong)(dong)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)蹄(ti)向外運動(dong)(dong)，進而(er)使得摩(mo)擦(ca)片與剎(cha)車(che)鼓發生(sheng)摩(mo)擦(ca)，從而(er)產生(sheng)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)力。

從結構中可以(yi)看出(chu)，鼓式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器是工作在一個(ge)相對封閉的環(huan)境，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)過(guo)程(cheng)中產生的熱(re)量不(bu)易散出(chu)，頻繁制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)影響制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)效果。不(bu)過(guo)鼓式制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器可提(ti)供很高(gao)的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)力(li)，廣泛應用(yong)于重型車(che)上。

盤(pan)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)：盤(pan)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)也(ye)叫(jiao)碟式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)，主要由制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗、摩擦片(pian)(pian)、分泵、油管等(deng)部分構成。盤(pan)式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)通過液壓(ya)系統(tong)把壓(ya)力施加到制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)鉗上，使(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)摩擦片(pian)(pian)與隨車輪(lun)轉動(dong)(dong)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)發生(sheng)摩擦，從而(er)達到制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)的目(mu)的。

與封閉式的(de)鼓(gu)式制(zhi)動器不(bu)同的(de)是，盤式制(zhi)動器是敞開式的(de)。制(zhi)動過程中產生(sheng)的(de)熱量可以(yi)很快散去，擁有很好的(de)制(zhi)動效能，現在已廣(guang)泛(fan)應用于轎車上。

通風制動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)：制動(dong)(dong)過程實(shi)際上(shang)是摩擦力(li)將動(dong)(dong)能轉化為熱能的(de)過程，如制動(dong)(dong)器的(de)熱量不能及(ji)時(shi)散(san)出，將會影響其(qi)制動(dong)(dong)效(xiao)果(guo)。為了進(jin)一步提(ti)升制動(dong)(dong)效(xiao)能，通風制動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)應運而(er)生。通風剎車(che)盤(pan)(pan)內部是中(zhong)(zhong)空(kong)(kong)的(de)或在制動(dong)(dong)盤(pan)(pan)打很多小孔，冷空(kong)(kong)氣可以從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)間穿過進(jin)行降溫。

從外(wai)表看(kan)，它在(zai)圓(yuan)周上有許多通(tong)向圓(yuan)心(xin)(xin)的洞空，它利用汽車(che)在(zai)行(xing)駛當中產生的離心(xin)(xin)力能使(shi)空氣對流，達到散(san)熱的目的，因此比(bi)普(pu)通(tong)實心(xin)(xin)盤式散(san)熱效果(guo)要好許多。

陶(tao)瓷(ci)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)盤(pan)(pan)：陶(tao)瓷(ci)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)盤(pan)(pan)相對于一般的剎車盤(pan)(pan)具有重量輕(qing)、耐高溫耐磨等特性。普通(tong)的剎車盤(pan)(pan)在全力(li)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)下容易(yi)高熱(re)而產生熱(re)衰退，制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)性能(neng)會大(da)打折扣(kou)，而陶(tao)瓷(ci)剎車盤(pan)(pan)有很(hen)好的抗熱(re)衰退性能(neng)，其耐熱(re)性能(neng)要比普通(tong)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)盤(pan)(pan)高出許多倍。

陶瓷制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)盤在制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)最初(chu)階(jie)段就能(neng)產生最大的制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)力，整(zheng)體制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)要比(bi)傳統制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)系統更(geng)快，制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)距離更(geng)短。當然，它的價(jia)格也是非常昂貴(gui)的，多用于高性能(neng)跑車上。

（圖(tu)/文/攝： 選車(che)小(xiao)哥） @2019