在 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)車 上，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高的(de)部(bu)件有動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機、高壓(ya)(ya)配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(PDU)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機、DC/DC、OBC、PTC、高壓(ya)(ya)線束等。這(zhe)些(xie)部(bu)件構成了車輛的(de)高壓(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統，其(qi)中動(dong)(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池、驅動(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機和高壓(ya)(ya)控制系(xi)(xi)統是 純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong) 汽(qi)車的(de)三(san)大核心部(bu)件。

1.電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)和動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)管(guan)理系統(tong)BMS不(bu)同于(yu)傳統(tong)的(de)(de)燃(ran)油(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)。新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)是(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，而不(bu)是(shi)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)。因為(wei)(wei)純電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)直接(jie)使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，所以不(bu)需要像(xiang)傳統(tong)燃(ran)油(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)那樣燃(ran)燒燃(ran)料(liao)，將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)排放(fang)物排放(fang)到(dao)大氣中。因此，為(wei)(wei)了減少環境(jing)污染，國家積極(ji)支持新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)發展。動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)(wei)100~400V，輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)可達(da)300A，動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)容量(liang)直接(jie)影(ying)響整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)續航里程，也直接(jie)影(ying)響充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時間和效(xiao)率(lv)。目前，鋰離(li)子動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)是(shi)主流(liu)(liu)(liu)。由于(yu)當(dang)前技術的(de)(de)影(ying)響，目前大多(duo)數汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)使用(yong)鋰離(li)子動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。2.驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)及電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制器(qi)MCU電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)控制器(qi)MCU將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，并與(yu)整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)上的(de)(de)其他模塊進行信號(hao)交(jiao)互，實現(xian)對驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)的(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)控制。驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)來(lai)驅(qu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)。不(bu)同于(yu)傳統(tong)燃(ran)油(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)燃(ran)油(you)燃(ran)燒的(de)(de)化學能(neng)(neng)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)機(ji)械能(neng)(neng)，其工作效(xiao)率(lv)更高(gao)，可達(da)85%以上。因此，與(yu)傳統(tong)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)相比，其能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)利用(yong)率(lv)更高(gao)，可以減少資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)浪費。3.高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)(PDU)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱(xiang)是(shi)整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)置，類似于(yu)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路系統(tong)中的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣保(bao)險絲盒(he)。配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)單元PDU(Power Distribution Unit)由多(duo)個高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)和高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)熔斷器(qi)組(zu)成(cheng)，內部(bu)有(you)(you)相關(guan)芯片，實現(xian)與(yu)相關(guan)模塊的(de)(de)信號(hao)通信，保(bao)證整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)安全。4.車(che)(che)(che)(che)載充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)是(shi)一(yi)種將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)DC的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置。因為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)是(shi)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)DC電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，用(yong)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)能(neng)(neng)被電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)組(zu)直接(jie)儲存，所以需要OBC裝(zhuang)置將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成(cheng)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)DC給動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)。5.DC/DC在新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)(che)中，DC/DC是(shi)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)DC轉(zhuan)(zhuan)化為(wei)(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)DC的(de)(de)裝(zhuang)置。 新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)車(che)(che)(che)(che) 上沒有(you)(you)發動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)，整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)來(lai)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)不(bu)再是(shi)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)，而是(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)和蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)。由于(yu)整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)，需要DC/DC裝(zhuang)置將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)為(wei)(wei)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，以保(bao)持整(zheng)車(che)(che)(che)(che)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)的(de)(de)平(ping)衡。